Persistent Memory

Hermes Agent has bounded, curated memory that persists across sessions. This lets it remember your preferences, your projects, your environment, and things it has learned.

How It Works

Two files make up the agent’s memory:

Both are stored in ~/.hermes/memories/ and are injected into the system prompt as a frozen snapshot at session start. The agent manages its own memory via the memory tool — it can add, replace, or remove entries.

Info Character limits keep memory focused. When memory is full, the agent consolidates or replaces entries to make room for new information.

How Memory Appears in the System Prompt

At the start of every session, memory entries are loaded from disk and rendered into the system prompt as a frozen block:

══════════════════════════════════════════════
MEMORY (your personal notes) [67% — 1,474/2,200 chars]
══════════════════════════════════════════════
User's project is a Rust web service at ~/code/myapi using Axum + SQLx
§
This machine runs Ubuntu 22.04, has Docker and Podman installed
§
User prefers concise responses, dislikes verbose explanations

The format includes:

• A header showing which store (MEMORY or USER PROFILE)
• Usage percentage and character counts so the agent knows capacity
• Individual entries separated by § (section sign) delimiters
• Entries can be multiline

Frozen snapshot pattern: The system prompt injection is captured once at session start and never changes mid-session. This is intentional — it preserves the LLM’s prefix cache for performance. When the agent adds/removes memory entries during a session, the changes are persisted to disk immediately but won’t appear in the system prompt until the next session starts. Tool responses always show the live state.

Memory Tool Actions

The agent uses the memory tool with these actions:

• add — Add a new memory entry
• replace — Replace an existing entry with updated content (uses substring matching via old_text)
• remove — Remove an entry that’s no longer relevant (uses substring matching via old_text)

There is no read action — memory content is automatically injected into the system prompt at session start. The agent sees its memories as part of its conversation context.

Substring Matching

The replace and remove actions use short unique substring matching — you don’t need the full entry text. The old_text parameter just needs to be a unique substring that identifies exactly one entry:

# If memory contains "User prefers dark mode in all editors"
memory(action="replace", target="memory",
       old_text="dark mode",
       content="User prefers light mode in VS Code, dark mode in terminal")

If the substring matches multiple entries, an error is returned asking for a more specific match.

Two Targets Explained

memory — Agent’s Personal Notes

For information the agent needs to remember about the environment, workflows, and lessons learned:

• Environment facts (OS, tools, project structure)
• Project conventions and configuration
• Tool quirks and workarounds discovered
• Completed task diary entries
• Skills and techniques that worked

user — User Profile

For information about the user’s identity, preferences, and communication style:

• Name, role, timezone
• Communication preferences (concise vs detailed, format preferences)
• Pet peeves and things to avoid
• Workflow habits
• Technical skill level

What to Save vs Skip

Save These (Proactively)

The agent saves automatically — you don’t need to ask. It saves when it learns:

• User preferences: “I prefer TypeScript over JavaScript” → save to user
• Environment facts: “This server runs Debian 12 with PostgreSQL 16” → save to memory
• Corrections: “Don’t use sudo for Docker commands, user is in docker group” → save to memory
• Conventions: “Project uses tabs, 120-char line width, Google-style docstrings” → save to memory
• Completed work: “Migrated database from MySQL to PostgreSQL on 2026-01-15” → save to memory
• Explicit requests: “Remember that my API key rotation happens monthly” → save to memory

Skip These

• Trivial/obvious info: “User asked about Python” — too vague to be useful
• Easily re-discovered facts: “Python 3.12 supports f-string nesting” — can web search this
• Raw data dumps: Large code blocks, log files, data tables — too big for memory
• Session-specific ephemera: Temporary file paths, one-off debugging context
• Information already in context files: SOUL.md and AGENTS.md content

Capacity Management

Memory has strict character limits to keep system prompts bounded:

What Happens When Memory is Full

When you try to add an entry that would exceed the limit, the tool returns an error:

{
  "success": false,
  "error": "Memory at 2,100/2,200 chars. Adding this entry (250 chars) would exceed the limit. Replace or remove existing entries first.",
  "current_entries": ["..."],
  "usage": "2,100/2,200"
}

The agent should then:

1. Read the current entries (shown in the error response)
2. Identify entries that can be removed or consolidated
3. Use replace to merge related entries into shorter versions
4. Then add the new entry

Best practice: When memory is above 80% capacity (visible in the system prompt header), consolidate entries before adding new ones. For example, merge three separate “project uses X” entries into one comprehensive project description entry.

Practical Examples of Good Memory Entries

Compact, information-dense entries work best:

# Good: Packs multiple related facts
User runs macOS 14 Sonoma, uses Homebrew, has Docker Desktop and Podman. Shell: zsh with oh-my-zsh. Editor: VS Code with Vim keybindings.

# Good: Specific, actionable convention
Project ~/code/api uses Go 1.22, sqlc for DB queries, chi router. Run tests with 'make test'. CI via GitHub Actions.

# Good: Lesson learned with context
The staging server (10.0.1.50) needs SSH port 2222, not 22. Key is at ~/.ssh/staging_ed25519.

# Bad: Too vague
User has a project.

# Bad: Too verbose
On January 5th, 2026, the user asked me to look at their project which is
located at ~/code/api. I discovered it uses Go version 1.22 and...

Duplicate Prevention

The memory system automatically rejects exact duplicate entries. If you try to add content that already exists, it returns success with a “no duplicate added” message.

Security Scanning

Memory entries are scanned for injection and exfiltration patterns before being accepted, since they’re injected into the system prompt. Content matching threat patterns (prompt injection, credential exfiltration, SSH backdoors) or containing invisible Unicode characters is blocked.

Session Search

Beyond MEMORY.md and USER.md, the agent can search its past conversations using the session_search tool:

• All CLI and messaging sessions are stored in SQLite (~/.hermes/state.db) with FTS5 full-text search
• Search queries return relevant past conversations with Gemini Flash summarization
• The agent can find things it discussed weeks ago, even if they’re not in its active memory

hermes sessions list    # Browse past sessions

session_search vs memory

Memory is for critical facts that should always be in context. Session search is for “did we discuss X last week?” queries where the agent needs to recall specifics from past conversations.

Configuration

# In ~/.hermes/config.yaml
memory:
  memory_enabled: true
  user_profile_enabled: true
  memory_char_limit: 2200   # ~800 tokens
  user_char_limit: 1375     # ~500 tokens

External Memory Providers

For deeper, persistent memory that goes beyond MEMORY.md and USER.md, Hermes ships with 8 external memory provider plugins — including Honcho, OpenViking, Mem0, Hindsight, Holographic, RetainDB, ByteRover, and Supermemory.

External providers run alongside built-in memory (never replacing it) and add capabilities like knowledge graphs, semantic search, automatic fact extraction, and cross-session user modeling.

hermes memory setup      # pick a provider and configure it
hermes memory status     # check what's active

See the Memory Providers guide for full details on each provider, setup instructions, and comparison.